Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Case report A year-old lady suffered from blepharitis. Figure 1. Full size image. Comment Chronic blepharitis is frequently associated with sebaceous gland dysfunction, plugging and inflammation of the meibomian glands.
References 1 Stone D, Chodosh J. View author publications. Additional information Financial and proprietary interest : nil. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. About this article Cite this article Yeung, J. Copy to clipboard. Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. Experts say some antibiotics can kill healthy gut bacteria. They recommend people eat yogurt and other fermented foods while taking the medications. Antibiotics are a common and important type of medicine that treats bacterial infections.
We've rounded up a list of the most common antibiotics. Sensitivity analysis, or susceptibility testing, helps doctors figure out treatment for infections and if they are resistant to antibiotics. If you miss a dose of antibiotics, take it as soon as you remember. Vitamin D has numerous health benefits, but it's tricky to know which supplement to choose. Here are 13 of the best vitamin D supplements, according…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
What is tetracycline? How does tetracycline affect the teeth? Read this next. Do Charcoal Toothbrushes Work? It is also widely used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, skin infections, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, tick fever, and several others.
Since minocycline is used during all ages, some noteworthy adverse effects are worth knowing. It lessens the effect of birth control pills, causes fetal harm, and passes into breast milk, affecting bone and tooth development in a fetus or nursing baby.
In more severe cases, it can cause a skin rash that can become fatal. If this medication is used after its expiration date, it can cause kidney damage. Taking iron supplements, calcium, antacids, or laxatives within two hours of taking minocycline can lessen its effect. Do not take if allergic to this antibiotic or similar antibiotics such as demeclocycline, doxycycline, or tetracycline.
With minocycline being prescribed for multiple infections, it covers a wide range of ages. So the chances of tooth discoloration continue throughout life.
This discoloration is a distinct blue-gray band, commonly found in the incisal and middle third of the crown see Figure 2. It does not fluoresce under UV light as tetracycline does. This discoloration is in relation to longer durations and higher doses of minocycline use. Its route of process is different than tetracycline in contributing to teeth staining. While tetracycline is calcium involved, minocycline is protein involved with both an intrinsic and extrinsic theory.
The intrinsic theory happens upon absorption. Minocycline is protein driven in the blood and binds to high collagen-containing tissue such as teeth and bone to cause discoloration.
The extrinsic theory happens when the surface of the teeth meets minocycline. The saliva holds onto concentrations of this antibiotic and stays in the gingival crevicular fluid.
Since this fluid remains at the gumline, the high concentration of minocycline in the saliva soaks into the enamel where the minocycline oxidizes when it is exposed to oxygen or bacteria. Minocycline has been associated with discoloration of bones, oral mucosa, skin, sclerae, and nail beds 7 see Figure 3. It has a lower susceptibility to resistance compared to other antibiotics. They are commonly used for digestive and skin infections.
People with tetracycline staining often assume they should avoid this antibiotic to keep their stains from getting any worse.
However, as an adult, your teeth are no longer accumulating new minerals. As such, you can safely take tetracycline as an adult, if it is prescribed by your doctor, without worrying about new stains developing. In most patients, the teeth are simply discolored — they are still healthy and structurally sound. However, in the most severe cases, the teeth may actually have weak enamel and be prone to cracking.
If you suspect you have tetracycline staining on your teeth, your dentist may take x-rays and examine your teeth closely to see how badly they have been affected. Frustratingly, tooth stains caused by tetracycline do not respond to common tooth whitening procedures or to products like whitening toothpaste and whitening strips.
Unlike stains caused by coffee and plaque, which sit on the surface of the teeth and can be bleached away, the stains caused by tetracycline are intrinsic to the tooth. Your tooth is brown or gray — it's not just a stain sitting on top. Conventional whitening treatments won't work because they can't penetrate that deep into the tooth or change its composition.
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