As new technology and legislation are introduced, we can all make a difference in protecting the planet with our dietary choices. Category: FutureLearn Local , Learning. Category: Digital Skills , Learning , What is. We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world.
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Some sources say meat is environmentally-friendly, and others say meat production contributes to deforestation. This article attempts to untangle the meat debate from a health-based perspective and uncover the pros and cons of eating meat.
Meat is the flesh and other edible parts of animals, such as mammals and birds, that humans prepare and consume. But meat may also include other edible tissues, such as organs. Offal — particularly liver, kidneys, brains, and intestines — has historically been eaten in most civilizations. Offal remains popular in various cultures throughout the world, particularly among traditional societies. Foie gras is a traditional French specialty made from duck or goose liver.
Sweetbreads comprise meat from the thymus gland and have been eaten in Europe since Roman times, and Menudo is a traditional meat dish in Mexico including beef stomach tripe and meat in broth. Nowadays, meat is produced on farms. Most commercial meat products come from domesticated animals kept in huge industrial facilities that may house hundreds or even thousands of animals at once. Meat is generally eaten after it has been cooked, sometimes after being cured or smoked. Meat can be cooked in or served with a sauce, condiment, or side dish, which may be dipped into the meat juices.
Meat is the flesh or organs of an animal consumed as food. In most parts of the world, it comes from animals raised on large industrial farms. The following are some examples:. White meat refers to flesh that is light in color before and after cooking, as opposed to red meat. The phrase often includes all birds, even if their flesh appears red in reality, as in the case of duck meat. Other examples include:. It might be preserved or enhanced in various forms, such as by salting, curing, smoking, drying, or other processes.
Examples include:. Meat comes from animals and is classified as either red or white, depending on the source. Processed meats have been modified with additives to enhance flavor.
Pork is particularly rich in thiamine. Vitamin A, B12, iron, and selenium are present in significant amounts in liver and other organ meats. These meats are also excellent sources of choline , an important nutrient for brain, muscle, and liver health 4 , 5. Meat is a rich source of protein and several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B12, niacin, and selenium.
Meat may be detrimental to your health if you cook and prepare it in certain ways. High temperatures used to cook meat, especially red meat, have been linked to the formation of cancer-causing compounds. As meats cook at scorching temperatures, their fats seep out and accumulate on the hot cooking surface. In the process, toxic compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are formed.
PAHs may collect in the meat and build up over time 6 , 7. PAHs could be harmful to human health since they are carcinogenic cancer-causing. Grilling, frying, and roasting meat at high temperatures can create heterocyclic aromatic amines HAAs , which have been linked to cancer in long-term animal studies 9.
HAA levels appear to increase when food is cooked for a long period of time. Storing or ripening meat in the fridge for many days may raise HAA levels, as reported in an older study 9 , While red meat cooked at high temperatures may increase cancer risk, white meat may not have the same effect, although data is still unclear. An earlier study found that poultry consumption was linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer — even when cooked to the point of charring 12 , While nitrate is generally harmless, your gut transforms some of the nitrate you eat into nitrite.
It should be eaten in a limited fashion. Hu recommends people who are at risk of heart failure or stroke to really limit eating red meat. The American Heart Association recommends a diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish and nuts and limits processed red meat and sugary drinks. According to a recent study , even partially replacing red meat with plant-based sources of protein can reduce the rate of heart disease in the United States.
But it's not just processed meat that puts you at risk. A vast array of studies from top universities and independent researchers has found that eating chickens, cows, and other animals promotes cancer in many forms. Large studies in England and Germany showed that vegetarians were about 40 percent less likely to develop cancer compared to meat-eaters , the most common forms being breast, prostate, and colon cancers.
A Harvard study found that just one serving a day of red meat during adolescence was associated with a 22 percent higher risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer , and that the same red meat consumption in adulthood was associated with a 13 percent higher risk of breast cancer overall.
A number of hypotheses are used to explain the connection between meat consumption and cancer risk. First, meat is devoid of fiber and other nutrients that have a protective effect against cancer.
Meat also contains animal protein, saturated fat, and, in some cases, carcinogenic compounds such as heterocyclic amines HCA and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH , which are formed during the processing or cooking.
Meat also contains hormones, which increase your cancer risk more on that in a bit. This is the reason Bill Clinton went vegan. Meat, dairy products, and eggs all contain cholesterol and saturated fat and contribute to America's top killers: heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, and various types of cancer.
Saturated fat is present in all meat and fish, even chicken and turkey cooked without the skin. Additionally, according to a study published by the American Diabetes Association, people who eat high amounts of animal protein are 22 percent more likely to develop diabetes. Of course, you get to define what "a healthy body weight" means for you, and I'm not saying you should go vegetarian or vegan just to stay slim.
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